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In Singapore, international arbitration is governed by the International Arbitration Act (IAA), the Arbitration Act (AA) and the Arbitration (International Investment Disputes) Act. The legislative framework, which is substantially based on the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration (“Model Law”), and the Courts’ pro-arbitration approach to the application of the legislative framework ensure that Singapore continues to remain a leading arbitration hub in the region and globally. In 2025, there were a number of…

A. LEGISLATION AND RULES A.1 Legislation International arbitration continues to be governed by the International Arbitration Act (IAA), the Arbitration Act (AA) and the Arbitration (International Investment Disputes) Act. There have been no legislative amendments in the past year. A.2 Institutions, rules and infrastructure The main arbitral institution in Singapore is the Singapore International Arbitration Center (SIAC). The SIAC’s new 7th Edition of its Rules came into force on 1 January 2025 (“SIAC Rules 2025”).…

The draft 7th edition of the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) Rules was recently released for public consultation from 22 August 2023 to 21 November 2023.[1] According to the SIAC, the draft draws from the SIAC’s experience of administering more than 3,000 international cases under the SIAC Rules 2016, which involved parties from 106 jurisdictions across a range of seats and governing laws. The key proposed changes to the SIAC Rules The SIAC Gateway is…

It is trite that an arbitral tribunal has no jurisdiction to decide any issue that has not been submitted to arbitration, and that the parts of an arbitral award that relate to such issues may be set aside by the court. In CJA v CIZ [2022] SGCA 41 (“CJA v CIZ”), the Singapore Court of Appeal (“SGCA”) held that a tribunal that made findings beyond the precise terms of the pleadings and submissions advanced by…