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A. LEGISLATION AND RULES A.1 Legislation A.1.1 Hong Kong adopts restrictive state immunity doctrine State immunity is a fundamental rule of customary international law, which originates in the historical notion that a sovereign cannot be sued in the courts of its own country or of a foreign country. By the State Immunity (Overseas Territories) Order 1979, the United Kingdom extended the ambit of its State Immunity Act 1978 to Hong Kong, which adopted a restrictive…

The case of T v W[1] reinforces the important principle that bills of exchange have a legal life of their own, separate from the underlying contract. They usually do not fall within the scope of an arbitration clause in the underlying contract unless there is a clear and express indication that they do. Factual background Under a Loan Agreement, P agreed to lend D HKD 5 million. P advanced the money and D drew a…

Since 1 February 2000, enforcement of arbitral awards between the Mainland and Hong Kong has been governed by a separate Arrangement, which has successfully provided an effective mechanism of enforcing awards between these two jurisdictions. On 27 November 2020, a Supplemental Arrangement was signed, amending four aspects of the original Arrangement to bring it further in line with current practice in international arbitration. Some amendments became effective immediately, while others will become effective on 19…

1. Introduction[1] Once an arbitral award is issued, it becomes final and binding. However, the award may contain an error. For example, it may order payment of an incorrect sum or it may have entirely omitted a specific relief sought by a party. Unless the applicable law provides for corrective measures and a party undertakes them in a timely manner, the parties will be bound by the award, even if it contains such errors. Under…